Three Major Themes

Carbohydrates is a group of carbons that consist of sugar, starch, and fiber which is contained of carbons, hydrogen, and oxygen. Carbohydrates is a component that provides energy through food calories such as; fruits, grains, and pasta. Another word that is used for sugars is saccharide. There are three types of saccharides, mono which contains one sugar molecule, di which contains two, and tri which contains three sugar molecules.  One of the most important sugars that is in monosaccharide is glucose which is created by photosynthesis. Another saccharide that creates many of sugars that are combined into a chain are polysaccharides. This is also known as starches what you see in foods such as pasta and potatoes as mentioned above.

Amino Acids is the building block of proteins. Amino acids forms together to form peptides (2 or more amino acid bond together) and polypeptides bonds. There are 20 amino acids found in protein. Taught in organic chemistry and biochemistry there are L and D forms. L forms active proteins of eukaryotes and D forms active proteins of prokaryotes. There was a type of hormone that was mentioned from Dr. Prescott in biochemistry it was a one small peptides hormones such as oxytocin. This hormone induces labor and controls contraction and also stimulates flow of milk after labor.

DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic acid. DNA is stored as code made up of  Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine. DNA is attached to a sugar and phosphate molecule that is called nucleotide. DNA is a double helix formed by base pairs (AGCT) attached to a sugar-phosphate backbone. We also discussed in class how the process works the way DNA is translated and is transcribed into RNA.

These three major themes that I thought were important to discuss. These themes were taught in my previous science classes and now again in relating to biochemistry.

The connection between glucose entering the body and energy created by the body

(Structural Formula of Glucose) 

Glucose enters the cell by a process of many reactions called glycolysis. Glucose enters the body and a phosphate attaches to the glucose molecule. This is a way for the cell to acquire energy because there is loss of energy converting ATP into ADP when the phosphate attaches to the glucose molecule. From this process the glucose will convert to fructose and another phosphate will then attach and cause loss of energy.

The two molecules that are involved in the process to create ATP when a phosphate is lost is called dihydroxyacetone and glyceraldehydes. These two molecules are split separately and rearranged into isomers, created into two of the same molecules. For  every lose of a phosphate,  two molecules of ATP are created.